Thai O-NET Tests - สังคมศึกษา ศาสนาและวัฒนธรรม - 2021 ข้อ 17

Let me analyze each option to determine which one is NOT a Thai cultural practice adopted from other cultural groups.

a) "การใช้คำราชาศัพท์" - This refers to the use of royal vocabulary/language in Thai. The Thai royal language was influenced by Khmer royal customs during the Ayutthaya period, so this IS a cultural element adopted from another cultural group.

b) "วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว" - This refers to agricultural methods for growing rice. Rice cultivation is indigenous to many Southeast Asian cultures including Thai culture, and while there may have been some exchange of techniques, the basic practice of rice cultivation is considered native to the region rather than clearly adopted from another specific culture.

c) "พิธีเซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษในวันตรุษ" - This refers to ancestral worship ceremonies during the Chinese New Year (ตรุษจีน). This is clearly a cultural practice adopted from Chinese culture.

d) "การบวงสรวงพระภูมิเจ้าที่เทพยดา" - This refers to making offerings to land spirits and deities. While this has indigenous elements, it also shows influence from Brahmanical practices that came from India.

e) "การใช้เหรียญกษาปณ์ในการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า" - This refers to the use of coins for exchange of goods. The use of coins as currency was adopted from foreign cultures, as early Thai kingdoms initially used other forms of currency before adopting coinage systems based on foreign models.

From this analysis, option b) "วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว" (agricultural methods for growing rice) appears to be the one that is NOT clearly adopted from other cultural groups, but rather represents an indigenous Thai cultural practice. Therefore, the answer would be b.

However, I should note that cultural practices are often complex and involve some degree of exchange and influence. What's being asked is which one is NOT adopted from other cultures, and based on my knowledge, rice cultivation methods would be the most indigenous of these practices listed.

Okay, let's tackle this question. The question is asking which of the options is not a Thai culture that was adopted from other ethnic groups. The options are a to e.

First, I need to recall what each of these cultural elements refers to and their origins. Let's go through them one by one.

Option a: "การใช้คำราชาศัพท์" (Royal vocabulary usage). Royal language in Thai is very specific and elaborate. I think this is a unique aspect of Thai culture, developed for the monarchy. But I'm not sure if it was influenced by other cultures. Maybe from Khmer or Indian traditions? The Thai royal court might have adopted some elements from neighboring cultures, especially since Khmer influence was strong in the region historically.

Option b: "วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว" (Agricultural way of rice farming). Rice farming is central to Thai society. However, rice cultivation is common across Southeast Asia. It's possible that agricultural practices were developed locally, but neighboring countries like Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar also have similar practices. Maybe this is indigenous, but could there be influences from other cultures?

Option c: "พิธีเซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษในวันตรุษ" (Ancestor worship ceremonies during New Year). Ancestor worship is common in many Asian cultures, especially Chinese. The word "ตรุษ" (Trut) sounds like it's related to Chinese New Year or similar festivals. So this might be influenced by Chinese traditions.

Option d: "การบวงสรวงพระภูมิเจ้าที่เทพยดา" (Worshiping guardian spirits and deities). Spirit worship and animism are traditional in Thailand, but also influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism. The term "พระภูมิ" (Phra Phum) refers to the spirit of the land, which might have Hindu origins, as many Thai deities have roots in Hindu mythology brought from India.

Option e: "การใช้เหรียญกษาปณ์ในการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า" (Using coins for exchanging goods). Coins and currency systems were likely introduced through trade with other civilizations. Ancient Thailand used barter systems before adopting coinage. The use of coins might have come from Indian or Chinese influence, or even Western contact later on. For example, the concept of coinage in Southeast Asia could have been influenced by Indian traders.

Now, the question is which one is NOT adopted from other cultures. So, the correct answer should be the one that is indigenous to Thai culture without external influence.

Option a: Royal vocabulary. If this was influenced by Khmer or Indian court languages, then it's adopted. But if it's a unique Thai development, then it's not. I think Thai royal language has elements from Khmer, especially during the Ayutthaya period when Khmer influence was strong. So this might be adopted.

Option b: Rice farming. While rice is central, the methods might have been developed locally. However, neighboring cultures also have rice farming. It's possible that it's a shared regional practice rather than being adopted from a specific external culture. But maybe the techniques were indigenous.

Option c: Ancestor worship during Trut. Trut is a term used in Thai for certain festivals, possibly related to Chinese New Year. If this ceremony is part of Chinese tradition, then it's adopted. Thai-Chinese communities do have such practices, so this might be an adopted culture.

Option d: Worshiping guardian spirits. While animism is indigenous, the specific forms like Phra Phum might have Hindu influences. So this could be a mix, but the core animistic practices are local. However, the structured rituals might have external elements.

Option e: Using coins. As mentioned, coinage likely came from external trade, so this is adopted.

So the one that is NOT adopted would be the indigenous practice. If rice farming (option b) is a traditional Thai method developed locally without external influence, then that's the answer. Alternatively, if all others have clear external influences, then the answer is b. Let me check again.

Royal vocabulary (a) likely from Khmer. Ancestor worship (c) from Chinese. Guardian spirits (d) influenced by Hinduism. Coins (e) from trade. Rice farming (b) is a basic agricultural practice that's been in Thailand for millennia, possibly developed independently. So the answer is b.

First, the user has provided a multiple-choice question in JSON format, similar to the previous one. It's in Thai, and I need to process it like before: provide a brief explanation and then respond in JSON with the "correct_answer_key".

The question is: "ข้อใดไม่ใช่วัฒนธรรมไทยที่รับมาจากกลุ่มวัฒนธรรมของชนชาติอื่น"

Translated to English: "Which of the following is not a Thai culture that was adopted from other cultural groups?"

Options:

a: การใช้คำราชาศัพท์ (The use of royal language)

b: วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว (The way of life of farmers in rice cultivation)

c: พิธีเซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษในวันตรุษ (The ceremony of worshiping ancestors on Chinese New Year)

d: การบวงสรวงพระภูมิเจ้าที่เทพยดา (The ritual of worshiping guardian spirits or deities)

e: การใช้เหรียญกษาปณ์ในการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า (The use of coins in exchanging goods)

I need to determine which one is NOT a Thai culture that was borrowed from other cultures.

Let me analyze each option:

a: การใช้คำราชาศัพท์ - Royal language in Thai is influenced by Indian culture (Sanskrit and Pali) due to the spread of Buddhism and Hinduism. So, this is adopted from other cultures.

b: วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว - The way of life of farmers in rice cultivation. Rice cultivation in Thailand is indigenous; it's been a core part of Thai culture for thousands of years. Thailand has its own native rice farming traditions, not primarily borrowed from elsewhere, though techniques might have evolved.

c: พิธีเซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษในวันตรุษ - This refers to ancestor worship on Chinese New Year. "ตรุษ" means Chinese New Year, which is from Chinese culture. So, this is clearly adopted from Chinese culture.

d: การบวงสรวงพระภูมิเจ้าที่เทพยดา - Worshiping guardian spirits. This might have elements from animism, Hinduism, or Buddhism, but in Thai context, it's part of traditional Thai beliefs, possibly influenced by Indian or other Southeast Asian cultures.

e: การใช้เหรียญกษาปณ์ในการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า - The use of coins for trade. Coinage in Thailand was influenced by foreign cultures, like Indian punch-marked coins or later European influences, but the concept of currency might have been adopted.

Based on standard knowledge:

• b: Rice farming is a native Thai practice. Thailand's agriculture, especially rice, is one of the oldest in the region and not borrowed from other cultures in the same way.

• The others:

  • a: Royal language from Indian influences.

  • c: Directly from Chinese culture.

  • d: While animism is native, the specific rituals might have syncretic elements, but it's often considered indigenous.

  • e: The use of coins could be from external influences, as early coinage in Southeast Asia came from trade with India and China.

I need to identify which one is NOT from other cultures. From my knowledge, option b is the most indigenous.

Upon double-checking:

• Thai rice cultivation is part of the indigenous Austroasiatic and Tai cultures.

• So, b is likely the correct answer as it's not borrowed.

The question is: "Which is not a Thai culture that was received from other cultural groups?"

So, the one that is purely Thai or not adopted from others.

Yes, b: วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว – This is a traditional Thai way of life, not borrowed.

Others:

• a: From Indian/Sanskrit influences.

• c: From Chinese.

• d: Might have influences, but in Thai context, it's blended.

• e: Currency systems often from trade influences.

I think b is the safest choice.

So, the correct answer is b.

Now, structure my response:

1. Provide a brief explanation.

2. Respond in JSON with {"correct_answer_key":"b"}

Explanation: Briefly state why b is the correct answer.

"Option B, the way of life of farmers in rice cultivation, is an indigenous Thai practice and not adopted from other cultures, whereas the others have external influences."

Then, output the JSON.

Okay, let's tackle this question. The user is asking which of the options is NOT a Thai culture that was adopted from other ethnic groups. The options are a through e.

First, I need to recall Thai cultural practices and their origins. Let's go through each option one by one.

Option a: การใช้คำราชาศัพท์ (Use of royal titles/raja sap). I know that royal titles in Thai, like referring to the king with specific terms, are deeply rooted in Thai tradition, especially in the monarchy. But I'm not sure if this was influenced by other cultures. Maybe from neighboring kingdoms or ancient Indian practices? Not entirely sure yet.

Option b: วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว (Agricultural practices of rice cultivation). Thailand is known as the "Land of Rice," and rice farming is a traditional practice. However, rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is widespread among many cultures. The question is whether this specific method was adopted from others. Maybe indigenous to Thai people or adopted from neighboring groups like Khmer or others? Not certain.

Option c: พิธีเซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษในวันตรุษ (Ancestral offerings during New Year). The New Year (Songkran) in Thailand involves various rituals. Paying respects to ancestors is common in many Asian cultures, including Chinese and other Southeast Asian traditions. Could this practice have been adopted from Chinese immigrants or other groups?

Option d: การบวงสรวงพระภูมิเจ้าที่เทพยดา (Ceremonies to worship local spirits and deities). This sounds like animism, which is common in many indigenous beliefs. Thai people have spirit houses (san phra phum) and worship local spirits, which might be part of indigenous practices rather than adopted from others. But some elements could have come from Hinduism or Brahmanism, which were influential in the region.

Option e: การใช้เหรียญกษาปณ์ในการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า (Use of coins as currency for exchange). The use of coins as money is a common practice in many civilizations. Thailand started using coins during the Sukhothai period, influenced by Indian and other trading partners. So this might be an adopted practice.

Wait, the question is which one is NOT adopted from other cultures. So I need to find the one that's indigenous.

Looking again:

• Royal titles (a) might be influenced by Indian concepts (like the idea of divine kingship from Hinduism), so possibly adopted.

• Rice farming (b) is a staple, but maybe developed locally. However, rice cultivation techniques might have spread through the region, so maybe adopted from others?

• Ancestral offerings (c) could be influenced by Chinese traditions, especially since there's a significant Chinese population in Thailand. The Lunar New Year (which is different from Songkran) has such practices, so maybe this is adopted.

• Spirit worship (d) is part of Thai animism, which is indigenous, so maybe this is not adopted from others.

• Coins (e) were likely adopted from trade with other cultures, so that's an import.

Wait, but the question is which is NOT adopted. So if d is indigenous, then that's the answer. Alternatively, maybe the use of royal titles (a) is indigenous. Let me think again.

Raja sap (royal titles) are specific to the Thai monarchy's protocol, possibly developed within Thai court culture, influenced by ancient traditions but not directly from another ethnic group. Alternatively, maybe from Khmer or Indian influence. For example, the concept of the divine king comes from Hinduism, so that might be an adoption.

Rice farming (b) is a core part of Thai culture, but the technique might have been developed locally over centuries. However, since rice is a staple across Southeast Asia, maybe it's a shared practice but not necessarily "adopted" from another specific group.

Ancestral worship (c) is more likely to be influenced by Chinese traditions, especially during the Lunar New Year (ตรุษจีน), but the question mentions "วันตรุษ" which is the Chinese New Year. So the practice of offering to ancestors on that day would be from Chinese culture, hence adopted.

Spirit worship (d) like phi (spirits) is part of indigenous beliefs, so that's Thai's own.

Coins (e) as currency were introduced through trade, so adopted.

Therefore, the one that is NOT adopted is either a, b, or d. Since the question is about which is NOT a Thai culture that came from others, the correct answer would be the one that's indigenous.

Between a and d. Royal titles might have Indian influence, but the actual terms and practices could be Thai's own development. Spirit worship (d) is definitely indigenous. So if the question is asking which is NOT adopted, then d is indigenous, so the answer would be d? Wait, but the options are a to e. Let me check again.

Wait the options are:

a: royal titles

b: rice farming

c: ancestral offerings on New Year (which is Chinese New Year?)

d: worship of local spirits and deities

e: coins

The question is which is NOT adopted from other ethnic groups. So the correct answer is the one that is indigenous.

If d is indigenous, then d is the answer. Alternatively, maybe the use of coins (e) is adopted, so e is not the answer. The question is to pick the one that is NOT adopted, so the correct answer is the one that is original Thai.

Alternatively, maybe the use of coins (e) is a Thai innovation? Unlikely, since coins were used in many cultures before Thailand. So e is adopted.

Rice farming (b) is a staple, but maybe it's indigenous. However, the technique might have been developed locally, so it's not adopted from another group. So b could be the answer? Hmm.

Alternatively, the question might be tricky. Let me think again.

The options:

a) Royal titles: possibly influenced by Indian concepts (like the king as a deity), so adopted.

b) Rice farming: core Thai practice, but maybe part of the broader Southeast Asian tradition, but not specifically from another ethnic group. So maybe this is indigenous.

c) Ancestral offerings on New Year: if it's the Chinese New Year (ตรุษจีน), then yes, that's from Chinese culture. But if it's the Thai New Year (Songkran), then maybe not. The question says "วันตรุษ" which is the Chinese New Year. So that's adopted from Chinese.

d) Worship of local spirits: indigenous.

e) Coins: adopted.

So the question is asking which is NOT adopted. So the answer would be either b or d.

Between b and d. Since rice farming is a fundamental part of Thai culture and likely developed locally, but maybe the question considers it as part of the broader Southeast Asian tradition, so not specifically from another ethnic group. Alternatively, the worship of local spirits (d) is definitely indigenous.

Therefore, the correct answer is d? Or b?

Wait, the question is "ไม่ใช่วัฒนธรรมไทยที่รับมาจากกลุ่มวัฒนธรรมของชนชาติอื่น" which translates to "Which is NOT a Thai culture that was adopted from other ethnic groups' cultures." So the correct answer is the one that is Thai's own, not adopted.

Between the options, the one that is indigenous. So:

a) possibly adopted (from Indian/Hindu concepts)

b) possibly indigenous

c) adopted (Chinese)

d) indigenous

e) adopted

So the options that are not adopted are b and d. But the question is a multiple choice with one correct answer. So which is it?

Wait, maybe the question is more specific. Let me think again.

Rice farming in Thailand: The technique of wet-rice cultivation is a key part of Thai culture and is shared with other Southeast Asian cultures, but it's considered indigenous to the region. So it's not "adopted" from another specific ethnic group. So b is indigenous.

Spirit worship (d) is also indigenous. So both b and d are indigenous. But the options only have one correct answer. Hmm.

Wait, maybe the question is looking for the one that is NOT a Thai culture that was adopted. So the answer is the one that is Thai's own. But if both b and d are Thai's own, then perhaps I made a mistake.

Alternatively, maybe the use of royal titles (a) is indigenous. The raja sap terms are specific to Thai court, so maybe not adopted. Then a is indigenous.

Wait, the concept of royal titles and the idea of the king as a divine figure might have been influenced by Indian Brahmanism, which was part of the cultural exchange in the region. So that's an adoption.

Rice farming (b) is a core practice, so it's indigenous.

Spirit worship (d) is also indigenous.

So between b and d. The question must have one correct answer. Let me check the options again.

The options are:

a: royal titles

b: rice farming

c: ancestral offerings on New Year (Chinese)

d: worship of local spirits

e: coins

The question is which is NOT adopted. So the answer is either b or d.

Looking up some references in my mind: Thai culture's rice farming is indeed a traditional practice, part of their identity, so it's not adopted from others. The worship of local spirits (phi) is also indigenous. So both are indigenous. But the options must have one correct answer. Maybe I'm missing something.

Wait, the question says "ชนชาติอื่น" which means other ethnic groups. So maybe "ชนชาติอื่น" refers to other ethnic groups within Thailand, like the Chinese, Khmer, etc. So for example, the worship of local spirits (d) is part of Thai's own ethnic culture, so not from other groups. Rice farming (b) is also Thai's own. But perhaps the question is considering that rice farming was adopted from the Mon or Khmer? Not sure.

Alternatively, maybe the use of coins (e) is the one that's adopted, so not the answer. The question is which is NOT adopted, so the correct answer would be either b or d.

Alternatively, maybe the correct answer is a) royal titles, but I thought that might be influenced by Indian culture. However, the question is about ethnic groups, so Indian is another ethnic group. So if royal titles were adopted from Indian culture, then a is adopted, so not the answer.

Hmm, this is tricky. Let me think of the options again.

The options that are definitely adopted are c (Chinese) and e (coins from other cultures). The question is which is NOT adopted. So between a, b, d.

If the answer is d, then that's the one. Alternatively, maybe the correct answer is b. But I need to decide.

Alternatively, maybe the question is looking for the use of coins (e) as not adopted? No, coins are from other cultures.

Wait, the question is asking which is NOT a Thai culture that was adopted from other ethnic groups. So the correct answer is the one that is Thai's own. Between b and d.

In Thai culture, both rice farming and spirit worship are core elements. However, perhaps the question is considering that the worship of local spirits (d) is part of the indigenous animism, so definitely not adopted. Rice farming is also indigenous. But maybe the question's answer is b because it's a fundamental practice, so it's not considered as "adopted".

Alternatively, maybe the correct answer is a) royal titles, but I'm not sure.

Alternatively, maybe the answer is e) coins, but that's adopted.

Wait, the options given are a to e, and the user expects one correct answer. Let me think of standard Thai cultural knowledge.

The use of royal titles (a) is part of the Thai monarchy's tradition, which has its own system, so maybe it's indigenous. However, the concept of divine kingship might have been influenced by Indian ideas, but the specific terms (raja sap) are Thai's own.

Rice farming (b) is definitely a core Thai practice, so not adopted.

Spirit worship (d) is also indigenous.

So between b and d. Since the question is from a test, perhaps the intended answer is d) because the other options are more obviously adopted. Alternatively, maybe the question considers that the worship of local spirits is part of the indigenous culture, so it's the correct answer.

Alternatively, maybe the answer is a) because royal titles are part of the court culture which might have been influenced by other groups, but I'm not certain.

Alternatively, maybe the correct answer is e) coins, but that's adopted.

Wait, the options are:

The question is asking which is NOT adopted. So the answer is the one that is Thai's own. The options that are definitely adopted are c and e. The others are possibly indigenous. Since the options are a to e, and the user's example had the correct answer as "c", maybe here the answer is d?

Alternatively, maybe the answer is b. Hmm.

Alternatively, looking for the odd one out. The question is about Thai culture not adopted from others. The options:

a) royal titles (possibly from Indian/Hindu concepts)

b) rice farming (indigenous)

c) ancestral offerings on Chinese New Year (adopted from Chinese)

d) local spirits (indigenous)

e) coins (adopted)

So the non-adopted ones are b and d. Since the question is multiple choice, maybe the answer is d because the question is about "worship of local spirits and deities", which is part of Thai animism, so definitely indigenous. Rice farming is also indigenous, but maybe the question considers that as part of the broader Southeast Asian tradition, so not specifically from another ethnic group. Therefore, the answer is d?

Alternatively, maybe the answer is b. I'm a bit confused here. Let me think of another angle.

The question is in Thai, so maybe the answer is known in Thai education. From what I recall, the worship of local spirits (like phi phraya, phi ban) is part of Thai indigenous beliefs, so that's not adopted. Rice farming is also indigenous. But perhaps the question is considering that the use of royal titles (a) is part of the Thai monarchy's own tradition, so not adopted. Alternatively, maybe the answer is a.

Alternatively, maybe the answer is a) because the use of royal titles is a Thai innovation, while others are adopted. But I'm not sure.

Alternatively, maybe the answer is e) coins, but that's adopted.

Hmm. Since I have to choose, I'll go with d) because the worship of local spirits is a core indigenous practice, so it's not adopted from other ethnic groups. Therefore, the correct answer is d.

Alright! Let's tackle this question. The user provided a multiple-choice question in Thai, asking which of the options is not a Thai culture adopted from another culture. The options are:

a) การใช้คำราชาศัพท์ (Using royal language) b) วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว (Agricultural way of growing rice) c) พิธีเซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษในวันตรุษ (Ancestor worship ceremony on Chinese New Year) d) การบวงสรวงพระภูมิเจ้าที่เทพยดา (Ceremony to pay respects to local gods and deities) e) การใช้เหรียญกษาปณ์ในการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า (Using coins for exchange)

First, I need to identify which of these practices are native to Thailand and which were adopted from other cultures.

Option a: Royal language is a part of Thai culture, used specifically in the monarchy and government. It's unique to Thailand.

Option b: Rice farming is integral to Thai agriculture and has been a part of Thai culture for centuries. It's native.

Option c: Ancestor worship on Chinese New Year is a tradition brought by Chinese immigrants. Thailand has a significant Chinese population, so this practice was adopted.

Option d: Paying respects to local gods and deities is a common practice in Thai culture, blending Buddhist and animist traditions. It's native.

Option e: Using coins for exchange was introduced by external influences, such as Indian and Chinese traders, who brought coinage systems to the region.

So, the question is asking which one is NOT adopted. Both c and e are adopted from other cultures. However, the question is phrased to find the one that is NOT adopted. Wait, no—the question asks which one is NOT a culture adopted from another group. So, we need to find the one that is native.

Looking back, options a, b, and d are native Thai practices. Option c is from Chinese culture, and e is from external trade influences. Since the question is about which one is NOT adopted, the answer should be one of the native ones. But wait, the user might have intended to ask which one IS adopted, but the question says "ไม่ใช่" meaning "not." So, the correct answer should be a native practice.

However, looking at the options again, option e, using coins, was definitely adopted from other cultures like China and India, who introduced coinage to the region. Therefore, the one that is NOT adopted would be the native practices. But since the question is asking for the one that is NOT adopted, the answer should be one of the native ones. But the options include both native and adopted practices.

Wait, perhaps I misread. The question is asking which one is NOT a culture adopted from another culture. So, the correct answer is a native Thai practice. Among the options, a, b, and d are native. The others, c and e, are adopted.

But the user provided an example where the correct answer was "c," which was an adopted practice. Wait, no—the example given by the user was about apples, not related to this question. So, perhaps I need to re-examine.

In the current question, the user is asking which one is NOT adopted. So, the answer should be a native Thai culture. Among the options, a, b, d are native. c and e are adopted. Therefore, the correct answer should be one of a, b, or d.

But looking closely, option e: using coins was adopted from other cultures, so it is not native. Therefore, the one that is NOT adopted would be a, b, or d.

The question is asking for the one that is NOT adopted, meaning it's native. So, the correct answer should be one of the native practices. However, the options might have only one correct answer. Let me think again.

Option c is clearly adopted from Chinese culture. Option e is also adopted. So, the remaining options a, b, d are native. Therefore, the question is flawed because there are multiple correct answers. But assuming the test expects one answer, perhaps option b: วิถีเกษตรกรในการปลูกข้าว is the most native and iconic Thai culture, making it the correct answer as the one that is NOT adopted.