Thai O-NET Tests - วิทยาศาสตร์ - 2021 ข้อ 12

Let's analyze this chemistry question about the Haber process. First, I'll translate the question from Thai to English:

The question is about the Haber process for producing ammonia, represented by the equation: N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol Fe(s)

The question asks which statement is NOT correct. Let's analyze each option:

a. "ในกระบวนการนี้เหล็กถูกใช้เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา" - In this process, iron is used as a catalyst.

• This is correct. In the Haber process, iron (Fe) is indeed used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction.

b. "กระบวนการฮาเบอร์เป็นกระบวนการคายพลังงาน" - The Haber process is an exothermic process.

• This is correct. The equation shows "+92.4 kJ/mol" on the product side, indicating that energy is released (exothermic).

c. "ปฏิกิริยานี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" - This reaction occurs well at high temperatures.

• Actually, this is a bit tricky. From a thermodynamic perspective, exothermic reactions are generally favored at lower temperatures. However, the Haber process is typically conducted at moderately high temperatures (around 400-500°C) because of kinetic considerations - the reaction needs to proceed at a reasonable rate. But the higher the temperature, the lower the yield of ammonia (due to Le Chatelier's principle for exothermic reactions). The process uses a compromise temperature that balances rate and yield. So while high temperature helps with reaction rate, it doesn't necessarily make the reaction "occur well" in terms of yield.

d. "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" - The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds.

• Let's count: On the reactant side, we have N₂ (2 N atoms) and 3H₂ (6 H atoms), for a total of 8 atoms.
• On the product side, we have 2NH₃ (2 N atoms and 6 H atoms), also for a total of 8 atoms.
• The total number of atoms remains the same, as expected for a chemical reaction. However, the question asks about "gas atoms," and all species involved (N₂, H₂, and NH₃) are gases, so the number of gas atoms remains constant. This statement is incorrect.

e. "สารตั้งต้นและผลิตภัณฑ์ทุกชนิดอยู่ในสถานะเดียวกัน" - All reactants and products are in the same state.

• N₂, H₂, and NH₃ are all gases (g), as indicated in the equation. The iron catalyst (Fe) is solid (s), but it's not consumed in the reaction - it's not a reactant or product. So all actual reactants and products are indeed in the same state (gas). This statement is correct.

Based on my analysis, option d "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" (The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds) is NOT correct. The total number of gas atoms remains the same.

Actually, let me double-check this. The statement refers to the number of gas atoms, not the number of gas molecules. Let's count again:

• Reactants: N₂ (2 N atoms) + 3H₂ (6 H atoms) = 8 gas atoms
• Products: 2NH₃ (2 N atoms + 6 H atoms) = 8 gas atoms

The number of gas atoms remains constant at 8. So statement d is incorrect.

Wait, let me check another interpretation. Perhaps the statement is referring to the number of gas molecules?

• Reactants: 1 molecule of N₂ + 3 molecules of H₂ = 4 gas molecules
• Products: 2 molecules of NH₃ = 2 gas molecules

In this case, the number of gas molecules does decrease from 4 to 2. If this is the intended interpretation, then statement d would be correct.

Let me check option c again. I need to be careful about the correct interpretation:

c. "ปฏิกิริยานี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" - This reaction occurs well at high temperatures.

For the Haber process, although a high temperature increases the reaction rate, it actually decreases the equilibrium yield of ammonia because the reaction is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing temperature for an exothermic reaction shifts the equilibrium toward the reactants. So, a high temperature is not ideal for maximizing the yield of ammonia. The industrial process uses a compromise temperature (typically around 400-500°C) to get a reasonable rate while still maintaining an acceptable yield. High pressure is used to increase the yield. So statement c is indeed NOT correct.

I'm now convinced that option c is the incorrect statement.

Let me check all the options once more:

a. Iron is used as a catalyst - Correct b. The Haber process is exothermic - Correct (as shown by the energy term in the equation) c. The reaction occurs well at high temperatures - Not correct (high temperatures reduce yield for this exothermic reaction) d. The number of gas atoms decreases - Not correct if counting atoms, but correct if counting molecules e. All reactants and products are in the same state - Correct (all are gases)

Let me analyze option d again. The statement in Thai is: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" which translates to "The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds."

The phrase "จำนวนอะตอม" specifically refers to the count of atoms, not molecules. So we should count the individual atoms in the gas phase.

On the reactant side: N₂ has 2 N atoms, and 3H₂ has 6 H atoms, for a total of 8 gas atoms. On the product side: 2NH₃ has 2 N atoms and 6 H atoms, for a total of 8 gas atoms.

The number of atoms remains the same, so statement d is NOT correct.

Now I'm torn between options c and d. Let me re-evaluate.

For option c: In the Haber process, a high temperature is used to increase the reaction rate, but it decreases the equilibrium yield. This is a compromise in industrial settings. So, it's not strictly true that the reaction "occurs well" at high temperatures if we prioritize yield.

For option d: The count of gas atoms remains constant, but the count of gas molecules decreases from 4 to 2. The statement specifically mentions "atoms" (อะตอม), not molecules.

Based on the precise wording, I believe option d is the incorrect statement. The number of gas atoms does not decrease; it remains constant at 8.

Actually, let me think about this one more time. The reaction is: N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH3(g)

Let's count atoms carefully: Reactants: 1 N₂ molecule contains 2 N atoms; 3 H₂ molecules contain 6 H atoms. Total: 2 + 6 = 8 atoms. Products: 2 NH₃ molecules contain 2 N atoms and 6 H atoms. Total: 2 + 6 = 8 atoms.

So the total number of atoms remains constant, as required by the law of conservation of mass. And all these atoms are in gas phase molecules, so the number of gas atoms also remains constant.

Therefore, the statement "The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds" is incorrect, and option d is the answer.

However, let me check one more time, just to be certain:

Option c: "ปฏิกิริยานี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" - This reaction occurs well at high temperatures.

For the Haber process, the reaction is exothermic, and according to Le Chatelier's principle, high temperatures would shift the equilibrium toward the reactants, reducing the yield of ammonia. However, high temperatures are used in the industrial process to increase the reaction rate, which is a kinetic consideration. This is a compromise between thermodynamic yield and kinetic rate. So, it's not entirely accurate to say that the reaction "occurs well" at high temperatures. In fact, from a strictly thermodynamic perspective, the reaction would occur with better yield at lower temperatures (though the rate would be impractically slow).

Option d: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" - The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds.

As I've verified multiple times, the number of gas atoms remains constant at 8. This statement is clearly incorrect.

Given the above, I am confident that option d is the incorrect statement, and therefore the answer to the question "Which one is NOT correct?"

Wait, one more check on option c:

The Haber process requires high pressure (around 150-300 atmospheres) and a moderate temperature (around 400-500°C). The high pressure increases the yield according to Le Chatelier's principle (since the reaction reduces the number of gas molecules). The moderate temperature is a compromise to get a reasonable reaction rate without reducing the yield too much. But it's important to understand that if we ONLY consider thermodynamics and not kinetics, increasing temperature actually reduces the yield of ammonia because the reaction is exothermic.

So, if I understand the option c correctly, I'd say it contains an element of truth but is not entirely accurate. This is probably the trickiest option to evaluate.

Let me clarify d one last time. If we are talking about atoms (not molecules), then each reactant and product molecule has a specific number of atoms:

• N₂ has 2 N atoms
• H₂ has 2 H atoms
• NH₃ has 1 N atom and 3 H atoms

If we count the total: Reactant side: 1 molecule of N₂ (2 N atoms) + 3 molecules of H₂ (6 H atoms) = 8 gas atoms. Product side: 2 molecules of NH₃ (2 N atoms and 6 H atoms) = 8 gas atoms.

The total number of gas atoms remains constant at 8. Therefore, option d is incorrect.

Given all this analysis, I am confident that option d is the incorrect statement and therefore the answer to the question.

So the correct answer is d.

This is a chemistry question in Thai about the Haber process for ammonia production. Let me translate and analyze:

The question asks about the Haber process for ammonia production, represented by: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol with Fe(s) as catalyst

Which statement is NOT correct?

a) In this process, iron is used as a catalyst b) The Haber process is an exothermic process c) This reaction requires high temperature to occur well d) The number of gas molecules decreases as the reaction proceeds e) All reactants and products are in the same state

Let me analyze each option:

a) TRUE - Fe(s) is shown as a catalyst in the equation b) TRUE - The reaction releases 92.4 kJ/mol, making it exothermic c) This needs careful consideration. While the Haber process does use high temperatures industrially (around 400-500°C), this is actually a compromise. The reaction is exothermic, so according to Le Chatelier's principle, lower temperatures would favor product formation. However, at low temperatures, the reaction rate is too slow. High temperature is used to achieve a reasonable reaction rate, even though it reduces the equilibrium yield. So saying the reaction "occurs well" at high temperature is misleading - it occurs faster but with lower yield. d) TRUE - We go from 4 moles of gas (1 N₂ + 3 H₂) to 2 moles of gas (2 NH₃) e) FALSE - The reactants N₂ and H₂ are gases (g), the product NH₃ is gas (g), but the catalyst Fe is solid (s). So NOT all substances are in the same state.

Wait, let me reconsider option c) more carefully. The statement says the reaction "needs high temperature to occur well" (จำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง). This is actually a true statement from an industrial perspective - while thermodynamically unfavorable, high temperature is necessary for practical production rates.

I identify option e) as incorrect because the catalyst Fe exists in a solid state, while other reactants and products are gases, violating the claim that all substances are in the same state.

This is a chemistry question in Thai about the Haber process for ammonia production. Let me analyze each option:

The equation given is: N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH₃(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol Fe(s)

Let me go through each option:

a) "ในกระบวนการนี้เหล็กถูกใช้เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา" Translation: "In this process, iron is used as a catalyst" This is CORRECT. Fe(s) is shown above the arrow, indicating it's a catalyst.

b) "กระบวนการฮาเบอร์เป็นกระบวนการคายพลังงาน" Translation: "The Haber process is an exothermic process" This is CORRECT. The equation shows +92.4 kJ/mol on the product side, meaning energy is released (exothermic).

c) "ปฏิกิริยานี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" Translation: "This reaction occurs well and needs to be done at high temperature" This is INCORRECT. While the Haber process does use high temperature in practice, this is actually a compromise. Since the reaction is exothermic, according to Le Chatelier's principle, lower temperatures would favor the forward reaction. However, high temperature is used to increase the reaction rate, even though it decreases the equilibrium yield. So saying it "needs" high temperature for the reaction to occur well is not entirely accurate - it's more about kinetics vs. thermodynamics.

d) "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป"

Translation: "The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds" This is CORRECT. We start with 1 + 3 = 4 moles of gas and end with 2 moles of gas, so the number of gas molecules (and atoms) decreases.

The reaction shows a clear reduction in gas volume, from 4 moles of reactant gases to 2 moles of product gas. This volume decrease is significant in understanding the reaction's equilibrium behavior.

I realize the catalyst Fe is solid, which contradicts the statement that all substances are in the same phase. The high-temperature industrial process balances reaction kinetics and yield, requiring temperatures around 400-500°C to achieve practical reaction rates despite thermodynamic considerations.

Examining the atom count reveals an interesting detail: while the number of molecules reduces from 4 to 2, the total atom count remains constant at 8 atoms. This means the statement about gas atom reduction is incorrect, as the atomic composition stays unchanged during the reaction.

Okay, let's tackle this chemistry question about the Haber process. The question is in Thai, so I need to make sure I understand each part correctly. Let me start by translating the key parts.

The question states: "The production of ammonia nowadays is commonly done through the Haber process, which can be represented by the net chemical equation: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol Fe(s). Which of the following is incorrect?"

The options are a through e. Let's break down each option one by one.

First, the chemical equation given is N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ with the release of 92.4 kJ per mole, and Fe(s) is written below the arrow, which typically indicates a catalyst. So Fe is the catalyst here, which matches option a: "In this process, iron is used as a catalyst." That seems correct, so a is not the wrong answer.

Option b says the Haber process is exothermic. The equation shows +92.4 kJ/mol, but wait, in chemistry, if energy is written on the product side, it means the reaction releases energy, making it exothermic. So the value here is positive, but the way it's written might depend on convention. However, the standard Haber process is indeed exothermic, so option b is correct. So b is not the incorrect answer.

Option c claims that the reaction requires high temperatures to proceed efficiently. I remember that the Haber process is typically done at high temperatures (around 450°C) but that's actually a compromise. Even though the reaction is exothermic, higher temperatures favor the reverse reaction (Le Chatelier's principle). However, lower temperatures would be better for yield, but the reaction rate would be too slow. So they use a catalyst (Fe) to speed it up at a moderate temperature. Wait, but the question is about which statement is incorrect. If option c says it's necessary to do at high temperatures, but actually, high temps aren't ideal for yield, but they are used to speed up the reaction. So maybe the statement in c is incorrect because it's not "necessary" but rather a compromise. Hmm, this might be tricky. Need to check.

Option d states that the number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds. Let's count: reactants are 1 mole N₂ (2 atoms) + 3 moles H₂ (each has 2 atoms, so 6 total) → total 8 atoms. Products are 2 moles NH₃, each has 4 atoms (N + 3H), so 8 atoms. Wait, that's 8 atoms on both sides. Wait, but wait, the stoichiometry is 1 N₂ (2 atoms) + 3 H₂ (each has 2 atoms → 3×2=6) → total 8 atoms. Products: 2 NH₃ → each has 4 atoms → 2×4=8. So the total number of atoms is the same. But the number of gas molecules decreases. Reactants: 1 + 3 = 4 moles of gas. Products: 2 moles. So the number of gas molecules decreases, but the atoms remain the same. So option d says the number of gas atoms decreases, which is incorrect. Because the atoms are conserved. So d is incorrect. Wait, but the question is asking which is incorrect. So if option d is wrong, then d is the answer. But wait, maybe I made a mistake here. Let me check again. The number of gas atoms: N₂ has 2 atoms per molecule, so 1 mole → 2 atoms. H₂ has 2 atoms per molecule, 3 moles → 6 atoms. Total 8 atoms. NH₃ has 4 atoms per molecule, 2 moles → 8 atoms. So the total atoms are the same. Therefore, the number of gas atoms doesn't decrease. So option d is incorrect. So d is the wrong statement.

Option e says all reactants and products are in the same state. The equation shows N₂(g), H₂(g), NH₃(g). Fe(s) is the catalyst, which is solid. But the reactants and products are all gases. So e is correct. So e is not the incorrect answer.

Wait, but the question is asking which is incorrect. So the incorrect statements are either c or d. Let's go back to option c. The reaction is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier, lower temperatures favor the production of NH₃. However, lower temps slow down the reaction. So in practice, they use a higher temperature (around 450°C) with a catalyst to speed up the reaction. So the statement in c says "this reaction will occur efficiently only if done at high temperatures." But actually, high temps lower the yield but speed up the reaction. However, with the catalyst, they can use a lower temperature than without. So the necessity of high temp is not correct. The reaction can occur at lower temps but would be too slow without a catalyst. So the statement in c is incorrect because it's not necessary to have high temps; it's a trade-off. Wait, but the question is phrased as "ปฏิกิริยานี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" which translates to "this reaction will occur well necessarily must be done at high temperature." So the statement claims that high temp is necessary for the reaction to proceed well. But in reality, high temp is not ideal for yield but is used for rate. So the correct answer would be c is incorrect. But wait, I'm getting conflicting possibilities here. Let me re-examine.

The Haber process uses high temperature (around 450°C) despite the reaction being exothermic. The reason is that at lower temperatures, the rate of reaction is too slow, even though the equilibrium favors more NH₃. So the high temperature is a compromise between rate and yield. However, the presence of the catalyst (Fe) allows the reaction to proceed at a lower temperature than without. But even with the catalyst, they still use a moderately high temperature. So the statement in c says that the reaction requires high temperature to occur well. If "well" refers to the rate, then high temp is needed. If "well" refers to yield, then lower temp is better. The wording might be tricky. The question is in Thai, so the translation of "เกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" would be "to occur well, it's necessary to do at high temperature." So the statement is saying that high temp is necessary for the reaction to proceed efficiently (well). But in reality, high temp reduces the yield but increases the rate. So the reaction doesn't occur "well" in terms of yield at high temp, but it's done for the rate. Therefore, the statement in c is incorrect because it's not necessary for the reaction to occur well (in terms of yield), but it's a trade-off. Therefore, option c is incorrect.

Wait, but earlier I thought option d was incorrect. Let me clarify. Option d says "the number of gas atoms decreases when the reaction proceeds." But as we calculated, the total number of atoms remains the same (8 atoms on both sides). So the number of gas atoms doesn't decrease. However, the number of gas molecules decreases from 4 (1 N₂ + 3 H₂) to 2 NH₃. So the number of gas molecules decreases, but the atoms remain the same. Therefore, option d is incorrect because it refers to atoms, not molecules. So d is the incorrect statement.

Wait, but the question is in Thai. Let me check the original Thai wording for option d: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" which translates to "the number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds." Since the atoms are conserved (8 atoms before and after), this statement is incorrect. Therefore, option d is incorrect.

But wait, the reaction is N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃. Each molecule of N₂ has 2 atoms, H₂ has 2 each, so total atoms in reactants: (1×2) + (3×2) = 8. Products: 2×4 (each NH₃ has 4 atoms) = 8. So atoms are the same. Therefore, option d is incorrect because the number of gas atoms doesn't decrease. So d is the wrong statement.

But then what about option c? The Haber process does require high temperature for the reaction rate, even though it's exothermic. So the statement in c says "this reaction will occur well necessarily must be done at high temperature." If "occur well" means high yield, then high temp is bad. But if it means fast reaction, then high temp is good. The wording is ambiguous. However, in the context of the Haber process, the high temperature is a compromise. The reaction is exothermic, so lower temps favor higher yield, but higher temps are used to speed up the reaction. So the statement in c is incorrect because it's not necessary to have high temps for the reaction to occur (since it's exothermic, it can occur at lower temps, just slowly), but the process uses high temps for rate. Therefore, the statement in c is incorrect because it claims that high temps are necessary for the reaction to occur well, which isn't true in terms of yield. However, the question might be considering that the reaction is exothermic, so it's favored at lower temps. Therefore, the correct answer is c is incorrect.

Wait, but I'm getting confused here. Let me check standard facts about the Haber process:

• The reaction is exothermic (ΔH is negative, but in the given equation, it's written as +92.4 kJ/mol, which might be a typo or different convention. Wait, the equation shows N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ + 92.4 kJ/mol. So energy is released, making it exothermic. So option b says the process is exothermic, which is correct. So b is correct.

• The catalyst is iron (Fe), so option a is correct.

• The reaction is carried out at high pressure (to favor the side with fewer gas molecules) and moderate temperatures (~450°C) with the catalyst. High temps lower the yield but speed up the reaction. So the necessity of high temp is not for the reaction to occur but for the rate. So option c says "this reaction will occur well necessarily must be done at high temperature." If "occur well" means high yield, then high temp is bad. If it means fast reaction, then yes. But the question is in Thai, and the wording might imply that high temp is necessary for the reaction to proceed, which isn't strictly true because without high temp, it would just be slower. However, in industrial processes, they do use high temps to make it feasible. But the reaction itself is exothermic and would favor lower temps for higher yield. So the statement in c is incorrect because it's not necessary for the reaction to occur (it can occur at lower temps, just slowly), but high temps are used for practical reasons. Therefore, option c is incorrect.

But earlier, I thought option d was incorrect. Let me recheck:

Option d: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" → "the number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds." As calculated, the total gas atoms remain 8. So the number doesn't decrease. Therefore, option d is incorrect.

So now I have two possible incorrect options: c and d. But which one is the correct answer?

Wait, the question asks which is incorrect. Let's check each option again:

a: Iron is a catalyst. Correct.

b: Process is exothermic. Correct, because energy is released.

c: Reaction requires high temp to occur well. Incorrect, because high temp reduces yield but increases rate. The necessity is for rate, not for the reaction to occur. So the statement is incorrect if it's implying that high temp is necessary for the reaction to proceed (thermodynamically), but in reality, it's a kinetic factor.

d: Number of gas atoms decreases. Incorrect, because atoms are conserved. The number of gas molecules decreases, but atoms stay the same.

e: All reactants and products are in the same state. Correct, all are gases. Fe is a catalyst, not a reactant or product.

So both c and d are incorrect? But the options are a to e, and the question says "ข้อใดไม่ถูกต้อง" (which one is incorrect). So there must be only one correct answer.

Wait, perhaps I made a mistake in counting atoms. Let me recount:

Reactants: 1 mole N₂ (each molecule has 2 N atoms) → 2 atoms. 3 moles H₂ (each has 2 H atoms) → 3×2=6 H atoms. Total atoms: 2 + 6 = 8.

Products: 2 moles NH₃. Each NH₃ has 1 N and 3 H → 4 atoms per molecule. 2×4=8 atoms. So total atoms are the same. Therefore, option d is incorrect because it says the number of gas atoms decreases, which is false. The number of gas molecules decreases from 4 to 2, but atoms remain the same. So d is incorrect.

Option c: The reaction requires high temp to occur well. As per the Haber process, high temp is used to increase the rate, even though it lowers the yield. So the statement is incorrect because high temp isn't necessary for the reaction to occur (thermodynamically), but it's used for kinetic reasons. Therefore, option c is also incorrect.

But the question can't have two incorrect answers. So I must have made a mistake here.

Wait, let's check the original equation again. The equation given is N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol Fe(s). The Fe is written below the arrow, indicating it's a catalyst. The energy term is written as +92.4 kJ/mol. Depending on the convention, if the energy is written on the product side, it's exothermic. So the reaction releases energy, making it exothermic. Therefore, option b is correct.

Now, for option c: The reaction requires high temperature to proceed efficiently. Since the reaction is exothermic, according to Le Chatelier, lower temperatures favor product formation. However, lower temperatures slow down the reaction rate. Therefore, in the Haber process, a moderate temperature (around 450°C) is used as a compromise between rate and yield, with the help of a catalyst. So the statement in c says that the reaction must be done at high temps to occur well. But high temps are not necessary; they are a compromise. So the statement in c is incorrect because it's not necessary to have high temps for the reaction to occur, but it's used for practical reasons. Therefore, option c is incorrect.

But then why is option d also incorrect? Because d says the number of gas atoms decreases, which is false. So both c and d are incorrect? That can't be. The question must have only one correct answer. Therefore, I must have made a mistake in evaluating one of the options.

Wait, perhaps the question's equation includes Fe(s) as a reactant? No, Fe is a catalyst, written below the arrow. So reactants are N₂ and H₂ (gases), products are NH₃ (gas). So option e says all reactants and products are in the same state. That's correct, all are gases. So e is correct.

So the incorrect options are c and d. But the answer must be one. Let me check again.

Option d: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" → "the number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds." Since the total atoms remain 8, this is incorrect. So d is wrong.

Option c: "ปฏิกิริยานี้จะเกิดขึ้นได้ดีจำเป็นต้องทำที่อุณหภูมิสูง" → "this reaction will occur well necessarily must be done at high temperature." The reaction is exothermic, so lower temps favor higher yield. High temps are used to speed up the reaction despite lower yield. So the statement is incorrect because high temps are not necessary for the reaction to occur well (in terms of yield), but are used for rate. Therefore, c is incorrect.

But the question is which one is incorrect. If both c and d are incorrect, but the options are a to e, then there's a problem. However, in the given options, perhaps only one is incorrect. Let me check standard multiple-choice questions for the Haber process.

Common misconceptions:

• The role of the catalyst (a is correct).

• Exothermic nature (b is correct).

• Temperature: High temp lowers yield but increases rate. So the statement that high temp is necessary for the reaction to occur well is incorrect (c is incorrect).

• Gas molecules decrease (d is correct in terms of molecules, but the option says atoms, so d is incorrect).

• All same state (e is correct).

So both c and d are incorrect. But the question must have only one answer. Therefore, I must have made a mistake.

Wait, perhaps the equation in the question has a typo. Let me check the original equation again. The user provided:

N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4 kJ/ mol

                   Fe(s)

So the Fe is written below the arrow as a catalyst. The energy is written as +92.4 kJ/mol. Depending on the convention, if the energy is written as a product, it's exothermic. So the reaction releases energy, making it exothermic. Therefore, option b is correct.

Now, for option d: the number of gas atoms. As calculated, the atoms are conserved. So d is incorrect.

For option c: the necessity of high temp. The reaction is exothermic, so lower temps favor higher yield. However, the process uses high temps to increase the rate. So the statement in c is incorrect because it claims high temp is necessary for the reaction to occur well, which is not true for yield but is for rate. However, the wording in Thai might imply that high temp is necessary for the reaction to proceed, which is not the case. The reaction can occur at lower temps but slowly. Therefore, option c is incorrect.

But if both c and d are incorrect, but the options are a to e with only one correct answer, then there's a problem. However, in reality, the correct answer is likely c, because the number of gas molecules decreases, not atoms. So option d is incorrect because it mentions atoms instead of molecules. Therefore, the answer is d.

Alternatively, maybe the question intended to say molecules, but the option says atoms. Therefore, d is incorrect.

So the incorrect statements are c and d, but according to the options, which one is the intended answer?

In standard Haber process questions, a common incorrect statement is about the temperature. The reaction is exothermic, so high temps are not thermodynamically favorable but are used for kinetic reasons. Therefore, option c is incorrect.

But another common question is about the change in the number of gas molecules. The number decreases from 4 to 2, so if the option says molecules, it's correct. But if it says atoms, it's incorrect. Therefore, option d is incorrect.

Given that, the answer depends on whether the option refers to atoms or molecules. Since the option d says atoms, which don't change, d is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is d.

But I need to confirm. Let me think again: the question asks which is incorrect. If d says the number of gas atoms decreases, which is false, then d is incorrect. c says high temp is necessary, which is also incorrect. But the answer must be one. Which one is more incorrect?

In the given options, the correct answer is likely c. Because in the Haber process, high temperature is not necessary for the reaction to occur, but it's used to speed it up. So the statement in c is incorrect. However, the reaction is exothermic, so lower temps favor higher yield. Therefore, the necessity of high temp is incorrect.

But I'm still confused. Let me look up similar questions.

Upon checking, a common question is that the Haber process is exothermic, so increasing temperature shifts equilibrium to reactants, reducing yield. Therefore, the statement that high temp is required for the reaction to occur well (in terms of yield) is incorrect. So option c is incorrect.

Another common point is that the number of gas molecules decreases, but atoms remain the same. So if an option says molecules decrease, it's correct. If it says atoms decrease, it's incorrect. Therefore, option d is incorrect.

So both c and d are incorrect. But the question must have only one answer. Therefore, perhaps there's a mistake in the problem, or I'm missing something.

Wait, looking back at the equation: the products include NH3(g) and the energy term. The Fe is a catalyst. So the reactants and products are all gases. Therefore, option e says all reactants and products are in the same state. That's correct, so e is correct.

So the incorrect options are c and d. But since the user expects one answer, I must choose between them. Given that, perhaps the intended answer is c, but I'm not sure. Alternatively, the answer is d.

Wait, let's check the original equation again. The equation is written as:

N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4 kJ/ mol

                   Fe(s)

The Fe is a catalyst, so it's not part of the reactants or products. The energy term is written as +92.4 kJ/mol, which is exothermic. So option b is correct.

Option d: number of gas atoms decreases. As calculated, atoms remain the same. So d is incorrect.

Option c: reaction requires high temp. The Haber process uses high temp to increase rate, but it's not necessary for the reaction to occur. So the statement is incorrect.

But the question is which one is incorrect. If both c and d are incorrect, but the options are a to e, then there's a problem. However, in the given options, perhaps the correct answer is c, but I'm not sure. Alternatively, the answer is d.

Given that, I think the intended answer is c, but I'm not entirely certain. However, based on the atom count, d is definitely incorrect. So the answer should be d.

First, the user has provided another multiple-choice question in JSON format. I need to follow the same pattern as before: provide a brief explanation, then respond in JSON with the "correct_answer_key".

The question is in Thai, but I'll translate it to understand it better. It's about the Haber process for ammonia production.

The question translates to: "The production of ammonia nowadays is commonly done through the Haber process, which can be represented by the net chemical equation: N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol, with Fe(s) as catalyst. Which of the following is incorrect?"

Options:

a: In this process, iron is used as a catalyst.

b: The Haber process is an exothermic process.

c: This reaction occurs well and requires high temperature.

d: The number of atoms of gas decreases as the reaction proceeds.

e: All reactants and products are in the same state.

I need to evaluate each option to find which one is incorrect.

Recall the Haber process: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH3, it's exothermic, catalyzed by iron (Fe), typically at high pressure and moderate to high temperature (around 400-500°C), but high temperature actually favors the reverse reaction due to Le Chatelier's principle, though it's used to increase reaction rate.

Now, let's check each option:

a: "In this process, iron is used as a catalyst." - This is correct. Iron is indeed the catalyst.

b: "The Haber process is an exothermic process." - The equation shows +92.4 kJ/mol, which means it's exothermic because energy is released. In the equation, it's written as N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH3 + 92.4 kJ/mol, indicating that 92.4 kJ/mol is released, so yes, exothermic.

c: "This reaction will occur well and requires high temperature." - The Haber process does require high temperature to proceed at a reasonable rate, even though it's exothermic and high temperature shifts equilibrium to the left. So, this is correct; it's necessary for the reaction to happen at a practical speed.

d: "The number of atoms of gas decreases as the reaction proceeds." - Let's think: Reactants: N₂ has 2 N atoms, 3H₂ has 6 H atoms, total 8 atoms. Products: 2NH3 has 2* (1N + 3H) = 2N and 6H, total 8 atoms. But the question says "number of atoms of gas," and all are gases.

The option says: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลง" which means "the number of atoms of gas decreases." In terms of moles: Reactants: 1 mole N₂ + 3 moles H₂ = 4 moles of gas. Products: 2 moles NH3. So, the number of moles of gas decreases from 4 to 2.

But it says "number of atoms," not "number of molecules or moles." In the reactants: N₂ has 2 N atoms, 3H₂ has 6 H atoms, total 8 atoms. In products: 2NH3 has 2 N atoms and 6 H atoms, total 8 atoms. So, the total number of atoms is the same.

The option is: "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลง" – "the number of atoms of the gas decreases." This might be interpreted as the total number of atoms in the gaseous reactants and products, which is the same.

In chemistry contexts, sometimes people mean the number of particles or moles. But strictly, the number of atoms is conserved.

Perhaps it's incorrect because the number of atoms doesn't decrease; it's the same.

e: "All reactants and products are in the same state." - Reactants: N₂(g), H₂(g), Product: NH3(g), and catalyst Fe(s). The equation shows Fe(s), but Fe is a catalyst, not a reactant or product. So, reactants and products are all gases: N₂(g), H₂(g), NH3(g). So, yes, they are all in the gaseous state.

The option says: "สารตั้งต้นและผลิตภัณฑ์ทุกชนิดอยู่ในสถานะเดียวกัน" – "All reactants and products are in the same state." Since N₂, H₂, and NH3 are all gases, this seems correct.

In the equation, it's written with Fe(s), but Fe is not a reactant or product; it's a catalyst. So, for reactants and products, yes, all gases.

Now, which one is incorrect?

From my analysis:

a: Correct

b: Correct (exothermic)

c: Correct (requires high temperature)

d: "The number of atoms of gas decreases" – Is this correct? As I thought, the total number of atoms is the same (8 atoms on both sides). So, this statement is incorrect because the number of atoms doesn't decrease; it's conserved.

e: Correct

So, option d is the incorrect one.

Is that accurate? Let me double-check. The option says "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊ส" which translates to "number of atoms of the gas." In the context, it might mean the total atoms in the gaseous molecules, but since the reaction is balanced, the atoms are conserved.

Perhaps they mean the number of gas molecules or moles, but it specifically says "atoms."

In some interpretations, since the volume decreases (fewer moles), but atoms are the same.

I think d is indeed the incorrect statement.

So, the correct answer is d.

Now, respond with a brief explanation, then in JSON format.

Okay, let's tackle this chemistry question about the Haber process. The question is in Thai, so I need to make sure I understand each part correctly. The question states that the current production of ammonia uses the Haber process, which has the given chemical equation: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g) + 92.4 kJ/mol, with Fe(s) as a catalyst. The question asks which statement is incorrect.

First, I'll go through each option one by one.

Option a: "In this process, iron is used as a catalyst." The equation mentions Fe(s) as a catalyst, so this is correct. Catalysts speed up reactions without being consumed, so a is true. So this isn't the incorrect one.

Option b: "The Haber process is an exothermic process." The equation shows +92.4 kJ/mol on the product side, which means the reaction releases energy (exothermic). Wait, actually, the way the equation is written, the products include the energy, so that would mean the reaction is exothermic. Because exothermic reactions release energy, so the energy is a product. So b is correct. So the process is exothermic, so the statement is true. So b is not the incorrect answer.

Option c: "This reaction occurs effectively only at high temperatures." Wait, the Haber process does require high temperature, but I remember that higher temperatures actually favor the reverse reaction (since it's exothermic). The Haber process uses a compromise temperature (like 400-500°C) to balance reaction rate and yield. The catalyst helps increase the rate, so even though high temps might not be optimal for maximum yield, the process still needs high temps to make the reaction proceed quickly. So the statement says "needs to be done at high temp" which is correct. So c is a true statement, so not the answer.

Option d: "The number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds." Let's check the moles of gas. Reactants: 1 mole N2 (2 atoms) + 3 moles H2 (each has 2 atoms, so 32=6 atoms total, so total atoms in reactants: 2+6=8 atoms per mole of reaction. Products: 2 moles NH3. Each NH3 has 4 atoms (N+3H), so 24=8 atoms. Wait, so the total number of atoms remains the same? Wait, but the question says "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลง" which translates to "the number of gas atoms decreases". Wait, but the total atoms are the same. Wait, maybe I'm misunderstanding. Alternatively, maybe they are referring to the number of gas molecules? Let's see: Reactants: 1 + 3 = 4 moles of gas. Products: 2 moles of NH3 gas. So the number of moles of gas decreases from 4 to 2. Since the question mentions "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊ส" which is "number of gas atoms". Wait, but each molecule's atoms. Wait, the total atoms in gas: Reactants have N2 (2 atoms/molecule 1 mole) and H2 (2 atoms/molecule 3 moles) so total atoms in gas: (21)+(23)=2+6=8 atoms per mole of reaction. Products: 2 moles NH3, each has 4 atoms, so 2*4=8 atoms. So the total atoms in gas remain the same. But the number of gas molecules decreases from 4 moles to 2 moles. However, the question specifically mentions "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊ส" which is atoms in gas. Since the total atoms are the same, the number doesn't decrease. Therefore, statement d is incorrect. Wait, but maybe the question is referring to the number of gas molecules? If so, then the number of molecules decreases, but the question says atoms. So if the question is about atoms, then d is wrong. But I need to check the options again. The question says "จำนวนอะตอมของแก๊สลดลงเมื่อปฏิกิริยาดำเนินไป" which translates to "the number of gas atoms decreases as the reaction proceeds." Since the total atoms are the same, this statement is incorrect. So d would be the incorrect statement. Wait, but let me check other options first.

Option e: "All reactants and products are in the same state." The reactants are N2(g), H2(g), and Fe(s) is a catalyst (solid). The product is NH3(g). So the catalyst is solid, but the reactants (excluding catalyst) are gases, and product is gas. The question says "สารตั้งต้นและผลิตภัณฑ์ทุกชนิดอยู่ในสถานะเดียวกัน" which translates to "All reactants and products are in the same state." The reactants (N2 and H2) are gases, products (NH3) is gas. The catalyst is solid, but catalyst isn't part of the reactants or products. So all reactants and products are gases. So e is correct. So e is a true statement.

Wait, but the Haber process uses a catalyst (Fe) which is solid, but the reactants and products are all gases except the catalyst. So the reactants (N2 and H2) and product (NH3) are all gases. So e is correct. So e is not the incorrect answer.

So the incorrect statement is d, because the number of gas atoms doesn't decrease. The total atoms in gas remain the same (8 atoms on both sides). The number of gas molecules decreases (from 4 to 2 moles), but the question is about atoms. So d is incorrect. Therefore, the answer is d.

Alright! Let's tackle this chemistry question. The user provided a multiple-choice question in Thai about the Haber process, which is a method of producing ammonia. The question asks which statement is incorrect regarding the process.

First, I need to understand each option carefully. The Haber process involves the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, and it's exothermic, releasing 92.4 kJ/mol. Iron is used as a catalyst in this process.

Option A says iron is used as a catalyst, which is correct because iron catalyzes the reaction without being consumed. Option B mentions that the process is exothermic, which aligns with the given reaction equation showing energy release. So, B is correct.

Option C states that the reaction requires high temperatures. However, the Haber process typically uses high pressure but moderate temperatures (around 450°C) to optimize yield and rate. While some heat is involved, saying it needs high temperatures might be misleading because it's actually the pressure that's more critical. This could be the incorrect statement.

Option D notes that the number of gas atoms decreases during the reaction. In the reaction, 1 N₂ and 3 H₂ molecules (total of 4 gas molecules) produce 2 NH₃ molecules. So, the number of gas molecules decreases from 4 to 2, making D correct.

Option E claims that all reactants and products are in the same state. Here, nitrogen and hydrogen gases react to form ammonia gas, and iron is a solid catalyst. Since all substances except iron are gases, E is incorrect because not all are in the same state.

Wait, but looking back, the question is about what's incorrect. Both C and E seem problematic. However, the Haber process does require elevated temperatures, even if not extremely high, so C might still be considered correct in a general sense. On the other hand, E is definitely incorrect because the catalyst is a solid, unlike the gaseous reactants and products.

Therefore, the incorrect statement is E.