Thai O-NET Tests - วิทยาศาสตร์ - 2021 ข้อ 26

The question is asking for the main elements in Earth's crust based on the data provided in the table. The table shows the percentage composition of 5 elements (A, B, C, D, E) in different layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, and core.

Looking at the percentages for the Earth's crust (ชั้นเปลือกโลก column):

• Element A: 5%
• Element B: Very small amount
• Element C: 28%
• Element D: 47%
• Element E: 8%

Based on these percentages, the two main elements in the Earth's crust would be elements D (47%) and C (28%), as they have the highest percentages.

Now I need to identify what these elements are based on the answer choices: a) Iron and nickel (เหล็กและนิกเกิล) b) Iron and magnesium (เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม) c) Magnesium and aluminum (แมกนีเซียมและอะลูมิเนียม) d) Silicon and oxygen (ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน) e) Silicon and aluminum (ซิลิกอนและอะลูมิเนียม)

From Earth science, I know that the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust are oxygen and silicon. Oxygen typically makes up about 46-47% of the crust by weight, and silicon makes up about 27-28%. This corresponds very closely to the percentages given for elements D (47%) and C (28%).

So, elements D and C are likely oxygen and silicon, respectively.

Looking at the answer choices, option d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen) matches these elements, but the question asks about them "according to the order" (ตามลำดับ), and in the data, D (47%) comes before C (28%).

So the answer should be "ออกซิเจนและซิลิกอน" (oxygen and silicon). But looking at option d again, it says "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (silicon and oxygen), which is in the wrong order.

Let me double-check the order of the elements in the prompt. The prompt says "ธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ" which translates to "elements that are the main components in the Earth's crust in order".

Since we're looking for the main components in order of abundance, and D (47%) > C (28%) in the Earth's crust, the answer should list oxygen first, then silicon.

I see that option d) lists "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (silicon and oxygen), which is not in order of abundance. Therefore, option d is incorrect.

Let me check the other options: a) Iron and nickel (เหล็กและนิกเกิล): These are the main components of the Earth's core, not the crust. b) Iron and magnesium (เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม): Iron is not a major component of the Earth's crust. c) Magnesium and aluminum (แมกนีเซียมและอะลูมิเนียม): These are present in the crust but not as the two most abundant elements. e) Silicon and aluminum (ซิลิกอนและอะลูมิเนียม): Silicon is a major component (C, 28%), but aluminum is not the most abundant (likely element E at 8%).

Wait, let me take a closer look. It might be that the option d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen) is correct if the question is asking for the main components in a specific order, not necessarily in order of abundance.

Rereading the question, it says "ข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ", which translates to "Which are the elements that are the main components in the Earth's crust in order?"

Given the context and the answer choices, it seems that the question might be asking to identify which elements C and D are, which are the main components of the Earth's crust.

So, if C is silicon (28%) and D is oxygen (47%), then the answer would be d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen).

Actually, let's take a step back. The question is asking for the main components of the Earth's crust. Based on the percentages, the main components are D (47%) and C (28%). If these correspond to oxygen and silicon respectively, then the answer should be "oxygen and silicon" in that order.

However, none of the answer choices list "oxygen and silicon" in that order. Option d) lists "silicon and oxygen," which is in the wrong order if we're going by abundance.

Let me think about this more carefully.

In reality, the Earth's crust is primarily composed of oxygen (about 46%) and silicon (about 28%), with other elements like aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium present in smaller amounts.

From the data in the table, element D at 47% is most likely oxygen, and element C at 28% is most likely silicon.

The question asks for the main components of the Earth's crust "ตามลำดับ" (in order). If this means in order of abundance, then the answer should be "oxygen and silicon." But if it means in the order listed in the table, the answer would be "A and D."

Let's look at the answer choices again: a) Iron and nickel (เหล็กและนิกเกิล) b) Iron and magnesium (เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม) c) Magnesium and aluminum (แมกนีเซียมและอะลูมิเนียม) d) Silicon and oxygen (ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน) e) Silicon and aluminum (ซิลิกอนและอะลูมิเนียม)

If I'm understanding the question correctly, it's asking which pair of elements are the main components of the Earth's crust. The main components are elements D (47%) and C (28%), which are likely oxygen and silicon.

None of the answer choices list "oxygen and silicon" in that order. Option d) lists "silicon and oxygen," which would be correct if the elements were listed in a different order.

Perhaps I'm misinterpreting the question. Let me try to understand it differently.

The question might be asking to identify which elements the table is referring to, based on our knowledge of Earth's composition.

If that's the case:

• Element A is high in the core (80%), which suggests it's iron.
• Element B is also in the core, which could be nickel.
• Element C is high in the crust (28%) and mantle (45%), which could be silicon.
• Element D is high in the crust (47%), which likely makes it oxygen.
• Element E is in small amounts, which could be aluminum or another less abundant element.

With this interpretation, if the question is asking for the main components of the Earth's crust, it would be elements D and C, which we've identified as oxygen and silicon.

If the answer is supposed to be in the same order as the elements are listed in the table (i.e., C then D), then the answer would be "silicon and oxygen." If the answer is supposed to be in order of abundance, it would be "oxygen and silicon."

Given the answer choices, option d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen) matches if we're looking for C and D in the order they're listed in the table.

Let me take a step back and think about this problem differently.

The question seems to be asking to identify the main components of the Earth's crust based on the data in the table.

From the table, the elements with the highest percentages in the crust are:

1. Element D: 47%
2. Element C: 28%
3. Element E: 8%
4. Element A: 5%
5. Element B: Very small amount

So, the two main components of the Earth's crust, based on this data, are elements D and C.

Now, the answer choices are: a) Iron and nickel (เหล็กและนิกเกิล) b) Iron and magnesium (เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม) c) Magnesium and aluminum (แมกนีเซียมและอะลูมิเนียม) d) Silicon and oxygen (ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน) e) Silicon and aluminum (ซิลิกอนและอะลูมิเนียม)

To figure out which option is correct, I need to identify what elements D and C are.

For element D (47% in the crust, small in the mantle, 4% in the core): This high percentage in the crust and low elsewhere is consistent with oxygen, which is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

For element C (28% in the crust, 45% in the mantle, 7% in the core): This distribution is consistent with silicon, which is the second most abundant element in the crust and a major component of the mantle.

For element A (5% in the crust, 8% in the mantle, 80% in the core): This distribution, with a high percentage in the core, is consistent with iron.

For element B (small in the crust and mantle, 5% in the core): This could be nickel, which is a significant component of the core but not of the crust or mantle.

For element E (8% in the crust, 3% in the mantle, small in the core): This could be aluminum, which is the third most abundant element in the crust but not significant in the core.

Based on these identifications, the main components of the Earth's crust (elements D and C) would be oxygen and silicon.

Of the answer choices, option d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen) is the closest, but it lists the elements in the wrong order if we're going by abundance. In the crust, oxygen (D) is more abundant than silicon (C).

However, the question asks "ธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ" which might not necessarily be asking for the elements in order of abundance. It could be asking for the elements in the order they are listed in the table.

Since the table lists the elements as A, B, C, D, E, and we've identified C as silicon and D as oxygen, the answer would be "silicon and oxygen" if we're following the order in the table.

So, if the question is asking for the elements in the order they're listed in the table, then option d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen) would be correct.

But I'm uncertain about this interpretation, as it's more common to list elements in order of abundance when discussing the composition of a material.

Actually, I think I misunderstood the question. The question asks "ข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ", which could be interpreted as "Which are the elements that are the main components in the Earth's crust in order?"

The phrase "ตามลำดับ" (in order) might refer to the order of the elements in the table (A, B, C, D, E) or it might refer to the order of abundance.

If it refers to the order in the table, and we've identified the main components as elements D and C, then the answer would be D followed by C, or oxygen followed by silicon.

If it refers to the order of abundance, and D (47%) is more abundant than C (28%), then the answer would be D followed by C, or oxygen followed by silicon.

Either way, the answer would be "oxygen and silicon" in that order. But none of the answer choices list the elements in that order. Option d) lists "silicon and oxygen," which is in the wrong order.

So I'm confused about what the correct answer should be.

Let me consider that I might have misidentified the elements.

From Earth science, we know:

• Oxygen is about 46-47% of the Earth's crust, which aligns with element D.
• Silicon is about 27-28% of the Earth's crust, which aligns with element C.
• Aluminum is about 8% of the Earth's crust, which aligns with element E.
• Iron is about 5% of the Earth's crust, which aligns with element A.
• Magnesium is about 2-3% of the Earth's crust, which might align with element B, although the table says element B is in "very small amounts" in the crust.

This identification seems consistent with the data.

Actually, I only just realized the way I'm interpreting the question might be wrong. The question asks for "the elements that are the main components in the Earth's crust in order". But I'm not sure if it's asking for the most abundant elements in the crust, or if it's asking to identify the specific elements in the table that are the main components in the crust.

If it's asking for the most abundant elements in the crust based on the table, then it's elements D (47%) and C (28%), which we've identified as oxygen and silicon.

If it's asking for the specific elements in the table, then I need to correctly identify what elements A, B, C, D, and E are, and then determine which are the main components of the crust.

Let me take a different approach. I'll try to match the data in the table with what we know about the composition of the Earth's different layers:

• The Earth's crust is primarily composed of oxygen (46%), silicon (28%), aluminum (8%), iron (5%), and other elements in smaller amounts.
• The Earth's mantle is primarily composed of oxygen (44%), magnesium (23%), silicon (21%), iron (5.8%), and other elements in smaller amounts.
• The Earth's core is primarily composed of iron (85%), nickel (5%), and other elements in smaller amounts.

Looking at the table again:

• Element A: 5% in crust, 8% in mantle, 80% in core. This is consistent with iron.
• Element B: Very small in crust and mantle, 5% in core. This is consistent with nickel.
• Element C: 28% in crust, 45% in mantle, 7% in core. This doesn't perfectly match any element across all layers. Silicon is about 28% in the crust but only 21% in the mantle, not 45%. Oxygen is about 46% in the crust and 44% in the mantle, which also doesn't match 28% and 45%. The closest match might be magnesium, which is about 2% in the crust and 23% in the mantle, but these values don't match the table either.
• Element D: 47% in crust, very small in mantle, 4% in core. This is somewhat consistent with oxygen, which is about 46% in the crust, but oxygen is also abundant in the mantle, which doesn't match the table.
• Element E: 8% in crust, 3% in mantle, very small in core. This is somewhat consistent with aluminum, which is about 8% in the crust and less abundant in the mantle and core.

The data in the table doesn't perfectly match the actual composition of the Earth's layers, which is making it hard to identify the elements. It's possible the data is simplified or approximated for the purpose of the problem, or I might be misremembering the exact percentages of elements in the different layers of the Earth.

Given the discrepancies, I'll assume the data is approximated and try to match the elements as best as I can:

• Element A (5% in crust, 8% in mantle, 80% in core) is most likely iron.
• Element B (very small in crust and mantle, 5% in core) is most likely nickel.
• Element C (28% in crust, 45% in mantle, 7% in core) could be silicon or magnesium, but neither is a perfect match. Given that silicon is the second most abundant element in the crust at about 28%, I'll identify C as silicon.
• Element D (47% in crust, very small in mantle, 4% in core) is most likely oxygen, although the mantle composition doesn't match.
• Element E (8% in crust, 3% in mantle, very small in core) is most likely aluminum.

With these identifications, the main components of the Earth's crust would be elements D and C, which I've identified as oxygen and silicon.

But here's where I'm still uncertain: the question asks for the elements "ตามลำดับ" (in order). If this means in order of abundance, then the answer would be "oxygen and silicon." But if it means in the order listed in the table, the answer would be "C and D" or "silicon and oxygen."

Given that none of the answer choices list "oxygen and silicon" in that order, but option d) lists "silicon and oxygen," I'm leaning towards the interpretation that the question is asking for the elements in the order listed in the table.

So, if the question is asking to identify which elements are the main components of the Earth's crust, in the order they're listed in the table, then the answer would be "silicon and oxygen," or option d).

Let me carefully look at the question again: "ข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ," which translates to "Which are the elements that are the main components in the Earth's crust in order?"

The main components of the Earth's crust, according to the table, are elements D (47%) and C (28%).

I've identified D as oxygen and C as silicon.

If the order refers to the order of abundance, then the answer would be "oxygen and silicon." If the order refers to the order listed in the table (A, B, C, D, E), then the answer would be "C and D" or "silicon and oxygen."

Given that the answer choice d) is "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (silicon and oxygen), it seems like the question is asking for the elements in the order they're listed in the table, not in order of abundance.

Therefore, the answer is d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen).

Actually, let's reread the full question, since this is a multiple choice question and there should be a definitive answer.

"จากการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบหลักทางเคมีในชั้นเปลือกโลกชั้นเนื้อโลกและแก่นโลก\nผลการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณ ธาตุ 5 ธาตุได้แก่ A B C D E ในชั้นต่างๆแสดงดังตาราง\nธาตุ ชั่นเปลือกโลก ชั้นเนื้อโลก แก่นโลก\n A ร้อยละ 5 ร้อยละ 8 ร้อยละ 80\n B มีปริมาณน้อยมาก มีปริมาณน้อยมาก ร้อยละ 5\n C ร้อยละ 28 ร้อยละ 45 ร้อยละ 7\n D ร้อยละ 47 มีปริมาณน้อยมาก ร้อยละ 4\n E ร้อยละ 8 ร้อยละ 3 มีปริมาณน้อยมาก\nข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ"

From my analysis, elements D and C are the main components of the Earth's crust, with percentages of 47% and 28% respectively.

Based on the distribution of elements in the Earth's layers, I've identified:

• Element A as iron (high in the core)
• Element B as nickel (present in the core)
• Element C as silicon (high in the crust and mantle)
• Element D as oxygen (highest in the crust)
• Element E as aluminum (present in the crust)

So, the main components of the Earth's crust are oxygen (D) and silicon (C).

The question asks "ข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ," which could be interpreted as asking for the main elements in the order of their abundance (which would be oxygen and then silicon) or in the order they're listed in the table (which would be silicon and then oxygen, since C comes before D).

Looking at the answer choices again: a) Iron and nickel (เหล็กและนิกเกิล) - These are elements A and B, but they are not the main components of the crust. b) Iron and magnesium (เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม) - Iron is element A, but magnesium is not one of the elements in the table. c) Magnesium and aluminum (แมกนีเซียมและอะลูมิเนียม) - Magnesium is not one of the elements in the table. Aluminum is likely element E. d) Silicon and oxygen (ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน) - These are elements C and D, which are the main components of the crust, but listed in the order they appear in the table. e) Silicon and aluminum (ซิลิกอนและอะลูมิเนียม) - Silicon is element C, and aluminum is likely element E, but while C is a main component, E is not (it's only 8%).

So, the answer that correctly identifies the main components of the Earth's crust is d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen), assuming the question is asking for the elements in the order they're listed in the table.

Actually, let me reconsider. I reread the question, and it's asking for "the elements that are the main components in the Earth's crust in order." The phrase "in order" could mean several things:

1. In order of abundance (which would be oxygen, then silicon)
2. In the order listed in the table (which would be silicon, then oxygen, since C comes before D)
3. In a specific, known order that is standard for this type of problem (I'm not sure what this would be)

Given that the answer choices include option d) "silicon and oxygen," and not "oxygen and silicon," it seems like the question is asking for the elements in the order listed in the table (option 2 above).

Therefore, the answer is d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen).

Actually, I just realized I might have made an error. If silicon is element C and oxygen is element D, then in the table, silicon (28%) is less abundant than oxygen (47%) in the crust. This is consistent with our understanding of the Earth's crust, where oxygen is the most abundant element (about 46%) and silicon is the second most abundant (about 28%).

So, if the question is asking for the elements in order of abundance, the answer would be "oxygen and silicon." If it's asking for the elements in the order listed in the table, it would be "silicon and oxygen."

Since option d) is "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (silicon and oxygen), and not "ออกซิเจนและซิลิกอน" (oxygen and silicon), I'm leaning towards the interpretation that the question is asking for the elements in the order listed in the table, not in order of abundance.

Therefore, the answer is d) "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and oxygen).

Okay, let's tackle this question. The problem is about identifying the main chemical elements in the Earth's crust based on the given table. The options are in Thai, so I need to make sure I translate them correctly.

First, let's look at the data provided. The table lists five elements (A, B, C, D, E) and their percentages in the crust, mantle, and core. The question asks for the main elements in the crust, in order.

From the table:

• In the crust (ชั้นเปลือกโลก), the percentages are:
  • A: 5%
  • B: very small
  • C: 28%
  • D: 47%
  • E: 8%

So the two highest percentages in the crust are D (47%) and C (28%). The next step is to figure out which elements these correspond to in real-world geology.

I remember that the Earth's crust is primarily composed of oxygen (O) and silicon (Si), followed by aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), etc. The most abundant elements are oxygen and silicon, which together make up most of the minerals in the crust, like silicates.

Looking at the options: a. Iron and Nickel (เหล็กและนิกเกิล) – these are more abundant in the core, especially the inner core. b. Iron and Magnesium (เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม) – Iron is more in the core, magnesium might be in the mantle. c. Magnesium and Aluminum (แมกนีเซียมและอะลูมิเนียม) – Magnesium is more in the mantle, aluminum is present in the crust but not the top two. d. Silicon and Oxygen (ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน) – These are the top two in the crust. e. Silicon and Aluminum (ซิลิกอนและอะลูมิเนียม) – Silicon is correct, but aluminum is third, not second.

Wait, but according to the table, D is 47% and C is 28% in the crust. If D is the highest, then D would be oxygen (since oxygen is the most abundant), and C would be silicon? Wait, no. Wait, in reality, the crust's composition by weight is oxygen (~46.6%), silicon (~27.7%), aluminum (~8.1%), iron (~5.0%), calcium (~3.6%), etc. So oxygen is highest, then silicon. So in the table, D is 47% (matches oxygen), C is 28% (matches silicon). But wait, the options have "ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน" (Silicon and Oxygen) as option d. But according to the percentages here, D is 47% (oxygen) and C is 28% (silicon). So the order would be D first, then C. But the options for d are "Silicon and Oxygen" which would be C and D in the table. Wait, but the question asks for the main elements in the crust in order. So the first element should be the highest percentage, which is D (47%), then C (28%). If D is oxygen and C is silicon, then the order would be Oxygen first, then Silicon. But option d is "Silicon and Oxygen", which is the reverse. That's conflicting.

Wait, maybe I mixed up the elements. Let me check again. In reality, oxygen is the most abundant in the crust, followed by silicon. So if the table shows D as 47% (oxygen) and C as 28% (silicon), then the correct order would be Oxygen and Silicon. But the options don't have that. Option d is "Silicon and Oxygen", which is the reverse. Hmm. That's a problem. Alternatively, maybe the table's elements are labeled differently. Let me think again.

Wait, maybe the elements in the table are labeled as follows: Let's assume that in the crust, the highest percentage is D (47%), which would correspond to oxygen. Then C is 28%, which is silicon. So the two main elements are oxygen and silicon. But the options have "Silicon and Oxygen" as option d. So the order in the answer would be Silicon first, then Oxygen? But in reality, oxygen is more abundant. So this might be a trick question. Alternatively, maybe the table is structured differently. Wait, the problem states that the elements are A, B, C, D, E. The percentages in the crust are:

A:5%, B: very little, C:28%, D:47%, E:8%.

So the two highest are D (47%) and C (28%). If D is oxygen and C is silicon, then the correct order is oxygen and silicon. But the options don't have that. The options are:

a. Iron and Nickel

b. Iron and Magnesium

c. Magnesium and Aluminum

d. Silicon and Oxygen

e. Silicon and Aluminum

Wait, option d is "Silicon and Oxygen", which would be C and D in the table (if C is silicon and D is oxygen). But in reality, oxygen is more abundant. So the correct order should be Oxygen and Silicon, but the options have Silicon and Oxygen. That's conflicting. Unless the table's elements are labeled differently. Maybe in the table, D is silicon and C is oxygen? But that contradicts real data. Alternatively, maybe the table is using different elements. Let me think again.

Alternatively, maybe the elements in the table are:

A: Iron (Fe) – because in the core, A is 80%, which could be iron, as the core is mostly iron and nickel.

B: Nickel (Ni) – if B is 5% in the core, but in reality, the core is mostly iron with some nickel. So maybe B is nickel.

C: Silicon (Si) – 28% in crust, 45% in mantle. But in reality, the mantle is rich in magnesium and iron. Hmm, maybe not.

D: Oxygen (O) – 47% in crust, which matches real data.

E: Aluminum (Al) – 8% in crust, which is close to real data (about 8%).

So if D is oxygen (47%), C is silicon (28%), then the two main elements in the crust are oxygen and silicon. But the options have "Silicon and Oxygen" as option d. So even though oxygen is higher, the answer would be d. Because in the options, d is "Silicon and Oxygen", but in reality, oxygen is first. However, the question is in Thai, and maybe the order in the options is not based on percentage but just listing the two elements. Wait, the question asks for "องค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ" which translates to "the main elements in the crust in order". So the order matters. Therefore, the correct answer should be oxygen first, then silicon. But the options don't have that. The options have d as "Silicon and Oxygen" (ซิลิกอนและออกซิเจน), which is reverse. So this is a problem. Unless there's a mistake in the question or the table.

Alternatively, maybe the table's elements are labeled differently. Let's consider that maybe in the table, C is oxygen and D is silicon. But that would contradict real data. Let me check again.

In reality, Earth's crust composition by weight:

• Oxygen: ~46.6%

• Silicon: ~27.7%

• Aluminum: ~8.1%

• Iron: ~5.0%

• Calcium: ~3.6%

• Sodium: ~2.8%

• Potassium: ~2.6%

• Magnesium: ~2.1%

So oxygen is highest, then silicon. So in the table, D is 47% (oxygen), C is 28% (silicon). So the two main elements are oxygen and silicon, in that order. But the options don't have that. The options have d as "Silicon and Oxygen", which is the reverse. So this is conflicting. Unless the question is asking for the two most abundant elements regardless of order, but the question says "ตามลำดับ" which means "in order". Therefore, the correct answer should be oxygen first, then silicon. But none of the options have that. The closest is option d: Silicon and Oxygen. But that's reversed. So this is confusing.

Wait, maybe the table is different. Let me look again at the table:

In the crust:

A:5%

B: very little

C:28%

D:47%

E:8%

So D is highest (47%), then C (28%), then E (8%), then A (5%). So the two main are D and C. If D is oxygen and C is silicon, then the answer should be oxygen and silicon. But the options don't have that. The options have d as "Silicon and Oxygen", which is C and D. So maybe the answer is d, even though the order is reversed. But why? Maybe the question is not considering the order, but just the two elements. But the question says "ตามลำดับ" which means "in order". So this is a problem. Alternatively, maybe the elements are labeled differently. For example, maybe C is oxygen and D is silicon. But that would contradict real data. Let's see:

If C is oxygen (28%) and D is silicon (47%), but in reality, oxygen is higher. So that's not possible. Therefore, there must be a mistake here, or perhaps the question is using different elements. Alternatively, maybe the elements are:

A: Aluminum (Al) – 5% in crust, 8% in mantle, 80% in core? No, aluminum is not in the core. Wait, the core is mostly iron and nickel. So A in the core is 80%, which would be iron. So A is iron. Then B is nickel (5% in core). C is silicon (28% in crust, 45% in mantle). D is oxygen (47% in crust). E is aluminum (8% in crust). So then the two main elements in the crust are oxygen (D, 47%) and silicon (C, 28%). So the correct order is oxygen and silicon. But the options don't have that. The options have d as "Silicon and Oxygen". So this is conflicting. Unless the question is incorrect, or there's a mistake in the table. Alternatively, maybe the question is asking for the two most abundant elements in the crust, regardless of order, but the wording says "ตามลำดับ" which implies order. Therefore, the answer should be oxygen first, then silicon, but since that's not an option, perhaps the intended answer is d: Silicon and Oxygen, assuming that the order doesn't matter or there's a mistake in the question. Alternatively, maybe the percentages are swapped. If in the table, D is silicon and C is oxygen, then the order would be silicon first. But that contradicts real data. However, given the options, the closest match is d: Silicon and Oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is d.

First, the user has provided a multiple-choice question in JSON format, similar to the previous one. It's in Thai, and it's about the chemical composition of Earth's layers: the crust, mantle, and core.

The question is: "ข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ" which translates to "Which of the following is the element and which is the main component in the Earth's crust in order?"

From the table:

• Element A: Crust 5%, Mantle 8%, Core 80%

• Element B: Crust very little, Mantle very little, Core 5%

• Element C: Crust 28%, Mantle 45%, Core 7%

• Element D: Crust 47%, Mantle very little, Core 4%

• Element E: Crust 8%, Mantle 3%, Core very little

The question asks for the main elements in the Earth's crust. So, I need to identify which elements are the primary ones in the crust based on the percentages.

Looking at the crust percentages:

• A: 5%

• B: very little

• C: 28%

• D: 47%

• E: 8%

The highest percentages in the crust are D (47%) and C (28%). So, the main components are likely D and C.

Now, the options are:

a: เหล็กและนิกเกิล (Iron and Nickel)

b: เหล็กและ แมกนีเซียม (Iron and Magnesium)

c: แมกนีเซียมและ อะลูมิเนียม (Magnesium and Aluminum)

d: ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน (Silicon and Oxygen)

e: ซิลิกอน และอะลูมิเนียม (Silicon and Aluminum)

I need to map the elements A, B, C, D, E to actual elements. Based on real Earth science knowledge:

• The Earth's crust is primarily composed of Oxygen and Silicon.

• Oxygen is about 46-47% (that matches D: 47%)

• Silicon is about 28% (that matches C: 28%)

Yes, that fits.

So, D is likely Oxygen, and C is Silicon.

Therefore, the main elements in the crust are Silicon and Oxygen.

Looking at the options, option D is "ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน" which is "Silicon and Oxygen".

The question says: "ข้อใดคือธาตุและซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในชั้นเปลือกโลกตามลำดับ" which might mean "which elements are the main components in the Earth's crust in order."

And option D matches exactly.

To confirm:

• For the core, A is 80%, which is likely Iron.

• B is in the core at 5%, which could be Nickel.

But for the crust, it's D and C, which are Oxygen and Silicon.

So, the correct answer should be D: ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน (Silicon and Oxygen).

In the option, it's listed as "ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน", which is Silicon and Oxygen, but in the table, D is 47% in crust (Oxygen), C is 28% (Silicon). So, the order in the option is Silicon and Oxygen, whereas in the table, D (Oxygen) is first in percentage, but the option might not specify order strictly.

The question says "ตามลำดับ" which means "in order," but I think it just means the pair.

Anyway, based on standard knowledge, this is correct.

So, my response should be: First, a brief explanation, then respond in JSON with the "correct_answer_key".

Explanation: The main elements in the Earth's crust are those with the highest percentages: D at 47% and C at 28%. Based on typical compositions, D is Oxygen and C is Silicon. Thus, the answer is option D.

Then, output: {"correct_answer_key":"d"}

Okay, let's tackle this question. It's about the major chemical elements in the Earth's layers: the crust, mantle, and core. The question is asking which two elements are the primary components in the Earth's crust. The options are given as pairs, so I need to figure out which pair matches the data in the table provided.

First, I'll look at the table. The elements are labeled A to E, and their percentages in each layer are given. The question is specifically about the crust, so I should focus on the "ชั่นเปลือกโลก" (which I believe translates to "crust" in Thai) column.

Looking at the crust percentages:

• A: 5%
• B: มีปริมาณน้อยมาก (very low quantity)
• C: 28%
• D: 47%
• E: 8%

The major elements in the crust are typically known to be oxygen and silicon, which together make up about 75% of the Earth's crust by weight. But here, the elements are labeled A to E, so I need to match these percentages to real elements.

In the crust, the top elements are oxygen (about 46.6%), silicon (27.7%), aluminum (8.1%), iron (5%), calcium (3.6%), sodium (2.8%), potassium (2.6%), and magnesium (2.1%). But the percentages here are in different terms, maybe by another measure, but the question is about the major ones.

Looking at the given data for the crust: The highest percentage is D at 47%, followed by C at 28%, then E at 8%, A at 5%, and B is very low. So the top two in the crust would be D (47%) and C (28%).

Now, I need to figure out which real elements these correspond to. Let's see the options:

a) Iron and Nickel – Iron is around 5% in the crust, so maybe A is iron? But D is 47%, which is way higher. Nickel is a trace element, so probably not.

b) Iron and Magnesium – Iron is 5% (A?), but D is 47% which would be a major element. Magnesium is about 2.1% in the crust, so maybe not.

c) Magnesium and Aluminum – Magnesium is low, so maybe not. Aluminum is 8.1%, which is close to E's 8%, but C is 28% which would be higher. Not sure yet.

d) Silicon and Oxygen – Silicon is 27.7%, so maybe C (28%) is silicon. Oxygen would be the highest, but in the table, D is 47%. Wait, oxygen is the most abundant, so maybe D is oxygen? But the options don't have oxygen listed. Wait, the options are pairs from the given elements A-E. The options given are pairs like "ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน" (Silicon and Oxygen) which is option d. But in the table, the highest in the crust is D (47%) and C (28%). If D is oxygen (46.6%) and C is silicon (27.7%), that would make sense. So D and C would be oxygen and silicon. But the options don't have an option with oxygen and silicon as D and C. Wait, looking at the options again:

Option d is "ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน" (Silicon and Oxygen). So if C is silicon (28%) and D is oxygen (47%), then the top two would be D and C, which would correspond to oxygen and silicon. But the question asks for the two main elements in the crust, so that would be D and C. But the options are pairs of the elements (A-E) mapped to real elements.

Looking at the options, option d says "ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน" which would be the correct pair if C is silicon and D is oxygen. But the problem is that in the table, the elements are labeled A-E, and the question is asking which pair of elements (from the real elements listed in the options) correspond to the top two in the crust.

Wait, the question says "ธาตุ 5 ธาตุได้แก่ A B C D E" so each letter represents an element. The options give possible pairs of real elements. So I need to match the letters to real elements based on their distribution in the different layers.

Let me think about the core first. The core has high percentages of A (80%) and B (5%). The Earth's core is primarily iron (about 85%) and nickel (5-10%), so maybe A is iron and B is nickel. That would make sense because in the core, A is 80% and B is 5%, which aligns with iron and nickel.

Then, looking at the mantle (ชั้นเนื้อโลก). The mantle has C at 45%, D at very low, and E at 3%. Wait, the mantle's main elements are magnesium and silicon. The mantle is rich in magnesium silicate minerals. So if C is silicon (since in the crust it's 28% which is close to the crust's silicon content), and maybe D is magnesium? Wait, in the crust, D is 47%, which would be oxygen if that's the case. Wait, but in the mantle, D has "มีปริมาณน้อยมาก" (very low), so if D were magnesium, that might not fit. Alternatively, maybe D is oxygen, which would be high in the crust but low in the mantle? Wait, oxygen is present throughout, but maybe the mantle has less? Not sure. Let me think again.

Alternatively, let's see:

If A is iron (core has 80% A), then in the crust, A is 5%, which matches iron's ~5% in the crust.

B is nickel, which in the core is 5%, and in the crust and mantle it's very low, which matches nickel's trace amounts.

C: In the crust 28%, mantle 45%. If C is silicon, then in the crust it's about 28% (close to real 27.7%), and in the mantle, silicon is a major component (since mantle is mostly silicates). So 45% in mantle makes sense.

D: In the crust 47%, which would be oxygen (46.6%), but in the mantle, D is "very low". Wait, oxygen is a major component in the mantle as well. Hmm, that's conflicting. Wait, maybe I have the elements mixed up.

Alternatively, maybe D is magnesium. Let's see:

If D is magnesium, then in the crust it's 47%, but magnesium in the crust is only about 2.1%, so that can't be. So that's not possible.

Wait, perhaps the percentages here are not by weight but by another measure? Or maybe the table is simplified. Let me try another approach.

Looking at the core: A is 80%, B is 5%. So A is iron, B is nickel.

Mantle: C is 45%, which would be magnesium if the mantle is mostly magnesium silicate. Wait, magnesium is a major component in the mantle. So if C is magnesium, then in the crust it's 28%, but magnesium in the crust is only 2.1%, so that doesn't fit. Hmm.

Alternatively, maybe C is silicon. In the mantle, silicon is part of silicates, so 45% could be plausible. Then in the crust, silicon is 28%, which matches.

Then D in the crust is 47%, which would have to be oxygen. But in the mantle, D is "very low". But oxygen is a major component in the mantle as well. That's a problem. Unless the table is considering something else. Maybe the percentages are for different elements.

Alternatively, maybe D is aluminum. But aluminum in the crust is about 8%, so that's E's 8%. So E would be aluminum.

Wait, let's list the elements:

Assuming:

A = Iron (Fe) – because core has 80% A, which matches iron's abundance in the core.

B = Nickel (Ni) – core has 5%, and it's low elsewhere.

C = Silicon (Si) – crust 28%, mantle 45% (since mantle is rich in silicates).

D = Oxygen (O) – crust 47% (matches oxygen's ~46.6%), but in the mantle, D is "very low". Wait, that can't be right because oxygen is abundant in the mantle too. Maybe the table is using a different measure, like by atomic percentage versus weight? Or perhaps the data is simplified. Alternatively, maybe D is magnesium?

Wait, if D is magnesium, then in the crust it's 47%, which is way too high. Magnesium in the crust is only about 2%, so that's not possible.

Alternatively, maybe the percentages in the table are for different elements. Let me think again.

The question is about the crust's main elements. The top two in the crust are oxygen and silicon. So in the table, the highest in the crust is D (47%) and C (28%). So D must be oxygen and C is silicon. That would make sense. Then the pair would be D and C, which correspond to oxygen and silicon. But looking at the options, option d is "ซิลิกอนและ ออกซิเจน" (Silicon and Oxygen), which would be C and D. So the correct answer would be option d.

But let's check the other options to be sure.

Option e is "ซิลิกอน และอะลูมิเนียม" (Silicon and Aluminum). Aluminum is only 8% (E), so that's not the top two.

Option c is "แมกนีเซียมและ อะลูมิเนียม" (Magnesium and Aluminum). Magnesium isn't even a top element here.

Option b is "เหล็กและแมกนีเซียม" (Iron and Magnesium). Iron is 5% (A), so not top.

Option a is Iron and Nickel, which are core elements.

So the correct answer should be option d: Silicon and Oxygen.

Therefore, the correct answer key is "d".

Alright! Let's tackle this chemistry question. The user provided a table showing the percentage composition of five elements (A, B, C, D, E) across three Earth layers: the crust, mantle, and core. The question asks which two elements are the main components of the Earth's crust.

First, I need to identify the elements with the highest percentages in the crust. Looking at the table:

• Element A: 5%
• Element B: trace
• Element C: 28%
• Element D: 47%
• Element E: 8%

So, the two highest percentages in the crust are D at 47% and C at 28%.

Next, I need to map these elements to their actual identities. The options given are combinations of real elements like Silicon, Oxygen, Magnesium, Nickel, and Iron.

From general knowledge, the Earth's crust is primarily composed of Silicon and Oxygen, forming silicates. However, looking at the options, option D mentions Silicon and Oxygen, but another option, E, mentions Silicon and Aluminium.

Wait, I recall that while Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the crust, Silicon is the second. But in the table, Element D is the highest at 47%, which might correspond to Oxygen, and Element C at 28% could be Silicon.

However, the options don't list Oxygen paired with Silicon. Option D pairs Silicon with Oxygen, but according to the table, if D is 47%, it might not be Silicon. This is confusing because typically, Oxygen is the most abundant, followed by Silicon.

Perhaps there's a mix-up in the mapping. If Element D is Oxygen at 47% and Element C is Silicon at 28%, then the correct answer should be Silicon and Oxygen. But looking at the options, option D is Silicon and Oxygen, and option E is Silicon and Aluminium.

Given that, the best match based on the table is option D: Silicon and Oxygen.